Roads and traffic affect wildlife through multiple pathways, including decrease in available habitat caused by avoidance of disturbed roadside habitat. Alternately, ability of edge-tolerant species to exploit roadside habitat by behavioural alterations can increase roadkill vulnerability and can also cause trophic cascades. Understanding how road-related and environmental factors interact to influence spatio-temporal use of roadside habitats by wildlife is an important first step towards mitigating impacts of roads on wildlife. We studied the spatio-temporal responses of a large mammalian community to different road types cutting through a tiger landscape in Central India. All large carnivores showed significantly less spatio-temporal use of habitat near all road types as compared to control. Protection status of roadside habitat favoured use by tiger, gaur, sambar and chital. We observed significantly greater roadside use by leopard, gaur, nilgai and sambar after construction of crossing structures (CS) on one highway segment. We observed high/near-natural use of roadsides by chital and wild pig before, and decreased spatio-temporal use after CS construction. We also observed restoration of near-natural temporal overlaps between predators and principal prey after CS construction. Our study results indicate that roadside habitats may selectively deprive wildlife species of good quality habitat. Structural mitigation measures can help restore natural activity patterns as well as reduce exploitation of roadside habitats and roadkill probability of certain species.