While many roadside green infrastructure projects focus on stormwater management and other ecosystem services, recent research shows that roadside vegetation can also have a significant impact on local air quality and climate pollutants. Recent research shows that certain roadside vegetation characteristics can greatly reduce local air and climate pollutant concentrations by 50% or more; however, other vegetation characteristics can have detrimental effects and deteriorate local air quality. With air pollution being one of the leading causes of death and illness worldwide according to the World Health Organization, and transportation being the leading emitter of greenhouse gases, mitigating these impacts is critically important to community and global health. Given the potential of green infrastructure to either positively or negatively affect air quality and climate mitigation, recommendations have been developed to support roadside vegetation planting that effectively mitigates air and climate pollution and does not adversely impact local air quality. In addition, these recommendations can be used to promote roadside planting that improves local air quality while also achieving other ecosystem services including increased urban cooling and improved stormwater management. Since many communities located near large transportation facilities are already overburdened by environmental impacts, improved roadside vegetation designs for air quality and climate benefits will support more equitable, sustainable, and safer transportation systems and promote social justice. This presentation will review the concerns related to air and climate pollutant emissions and exposures from transportation sources, previous research on the positive and negative air quality impacts caused by roadside vegetation, and design characteristics and opportunities to provide air pollution and climate mitigation benefits. The presentation will also review how integrating roadside vegetation with solid structures like noise barriers and fencing can further reduce local air pollution concentrations and avoid some of the potential negative impacts of roadside vegetation alone